TRẦN NGỌC KHÁNH NHƯ

Positive and negative question tags

Peter, Sue and Bob are football fans. They’re talking about the World Cup. Complete their conversation by putting in the question tags.

Peter Did you see
Holland and Mexico on television last night?

Sue They won’t
find it so easy against Poland,... ? <o:p></o:p>

Bob
No, they won’t. Poland have got a good team,... ? <o:p></o:p>

Peter Lobak looks
good,... ? The Austrians couldn’t stop him,... ?

Sue England
haven’t been very good,... ?

Sue But why is
Bodger playing? He isn’t very good,... ? <o:p></o:p>

Bob He doesn’t
play as well now as he used to,... ? <o:p></o:p>

Sue I don't know.
Anything could happen,... ?

Peter They’re
playing HunGary tonight. You’ll be
watching,... ?

<a name="_Toc170289288">Activity A</a>

Talk to a partner about a sporting event. Try to use a few
positive and negative tags in your conversation.

<a name="_Toc170289289">Activity B</a>

If you aren’t interested in sport, talk to your partner
about a television programme you both watch or about world events which have
been on the radio lately.

Positive and negative question tags

Peter , Sue and Bob are football fans. They’re talking about the World Cup. Complete their conversation by putting in the question tags. P...

+ Đọc thêm »

Short additions to statements

Look at the notes about three cars in the table below.

First, write eight sentences (1-8) giving information about
the cars. Use but in those sentences.

<a name="_Toc170289291">Examples</a>

The Prince isn’t easy
to drive, but the Delta and the Swift are.<o:p></o:p>

The Prince and the
Swift feel comfortable, but the Delta doesn’t.

1   The Prince and the
Delta .... (Go on in this way.)

Then write another eight sentences (9-16). In each sentence
mention the two cars which have the same answer. Use so or neither.

<a name="_Toc170289292">Examples</a>

The Delta is easy to
drive, and so is the Swift. <o:p></o:p>

The Prince feels
comfortable, and so does the Swift.

9 The Prince ..., and neither.... (Go on in this way.)

<a name="_Toc170289293">Activity</a>

Think of some similarities and differences between the
capital of your home country and London. Talk about the two cities using so,
neither and but.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjLNO275R9m4-ZEbkszAGqqgC9MCrsKLEP36y-C9f9fLq7c7ZPmyo51L-WI0HKuOxdiYsxFsXnVFA-KgdhUG5IBnIt31sar36OJNrcdOWrlfMgymtbl6pOBTg0Igqc6d6sZBtNjFY-awORnqD-WNqW7uGpXNTKB6ANNkUkRWUhtdww58Plvs-b5_VtXbw/s309/image058.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="309" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjLNO275R9m4-ZEbkszAGqqgC9MCrsKLEP36y-C9f9fLq7c7ZPmyo51L-WI0HKuOxdiYsxFsXnVFA-KgdhUG5IBnIt31sar36OJNrcdOWrlfMgymtbl6pOBTg0Igqc6d6sZBtNjFY-awORnqD-WNqW7uGpXNTKB6ANNkUkRWUhtdww58Plvs-b5_VtXbw/w400-h251/image058.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizs873ZPXi7e8Q6hvxBF8S_G14kN9HFa_jVowFoW7vqO5QzDH9esWogrMJ7NRL0ApwEOVxw1SKQTuCXfTgA5RNE669oxviJurTsAxMxVZ_jRm8dPr6ckezo1sQS_ww9-etZKcb8__eEgKnFszxCmYrMAch_W8W03dj-N1bQufEW_hwjwqi42ZU1WXzT_w/s661/image059.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="215" data-original-width="661" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizs873ZPXi7e8Q6hvxBF8S_G14kN9HFa_jVowFoW7vqO5QzDH9esWogrMJ7NRL0ApwEOVxw1SKQTuCXfTgA5RNE669oxviJurTsAxMxVZ_jRm8dPr6ckezo1sQS_ww9-etZKcb8__eEgKnFszxCmYrMAch_W8W03dj-N1bQufEW_hwjwqi42ZU1WXzT_w/w640-h208/image059.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div>

Short additions to statements

Look at the notes about three cars in the table below. First, write eight sentences (1-8) giving information about the cars. Use but in ...

+ Đọc thêm »

So and not after a verb

Paul and Diane are going to Tony ’s party. Complete their conversation using the verbs in
brackets. Do not put a whole clause after the verb. Use so or not if necessary.

<a name="_Toc170289295">Example</a>

No, (expect). No, I
don’t expect so.

Diane I hope this
party’s good.

Diane Is the car
still out of action?

Diane What's the
matter with it?

Paul
(be sure), but I think it’s something electrical. <o:p></o:p>

Diane Haven’t you
taken it to the garage yet?

Diane Well, Martin will be going, won’t he? We can ask
him for a lift.

Paul
Yes, (suppose). I don’t imagine there’s a bus. <o:p></o:p>

Diane I (expect).
Not in the evening.

Diane Oh, (hope).
That man talks about horse racing the whole time. He’s so boring.

Diane Do we have
to take a bottle to this party?

Paul
No, (think). Tony  didn’t say.

Diane We’d better
take some wine. There’s a bottle in the cupboard.

<a name="_Toc170289296">Activity</a>

React to these three questions using similar sentences with
hope, think etc.

□   Is there going to
be a Third World War?

□   Have people from
other planets visited the earth?

□   Is there life after
death?

So and not after a verb

Paul and Diane are going to Tony ’s party. Complete their conversation using the verbs in brackets. Do not put a whole clause after the ...

+ Đọc thêm »

Leaving out words

A British reporter is at the Olympic Games. Look at her
notes and combine each pair of sentences into one. Use and or but and leave
some of the words out.

<a name="_Toc170289298">Examples</a>

The Russians are first in the medals table.

The Americans are
second in the medals table.<o:p></o:p>

The Russians are first
in the medals table and the Americans second.<o:p></o:p>

The British team have won three silver medals.

They haven’t won a gold medal.

The British team have
won three silver medals but not a gold medal.

1   Polinski won the long
jump.

McCall won the high jump.

2   Ivor Ketapov won’t
be running in the 100 metres. No one knows why he won’t be running in it.

3   He holds the 200
metres world record.

He doesn’t hold the 100 metres world record.

4   British runners
have broken records.

British swimmers haven’t broken records.

5   A Frenchman is
leading in the marathon.

A Swede Is leading in the cycle race.

6   There were big
crowds on Tuesday.

There weren’t big crowds on Wednesday.

<a name="_Toc170289299">Activity</a>

Write similar sentences on these topics.

Use two clauses linked with and or but.

□   Corsica and
Sardinia

□   John F. Kennedy and
Edward M. Kennedy

□   dinosaurs

Leaving out words

A British r eporter is at the Olympic Games. Look at her notes and combine each pair of sentences into one. Use and or but and leave some...

+ Đọc thêm »

Replacing words and leaving out words

Milena and Ahmed are students. They’re going to take an
English exam soon. Their English is correct, but they could improve it by
replacing or leaving out words. Can you help them to make the underlined
sentences shorter? Use short additions to statements, use so and not after a
verb, or leave out words instead of saying them again.

Milena It's the
English exam in two weeks. Have you done any work for it?

Ahmed
No, I’m afraid I haven’t done any work for it. I haven't had much
time lately.

Milena And I
haven't had much time. I’ve been very busy.

Milena I
haven’t done the homework. I always have so many other things to do in the
evenings.

Ahmed
There’s an oral exam, isn’t there? <o:p></o:p>

Milena Yes, I
think there’s an oral exam. Mrs Moss mentioned it last week in one of our
lessons.

Milena Oh,
nonsense. Your spoken English is very good. You can hold conversations in
English, can’t you?

Ahmed
Yes, I suppose I can hold conversations in English. Perhaps I'll do all
right. Are we allowed to use dictionaries in the exam, do you know?

Milena I don’t
think we’re allowed to use them. Why don’t you ask Mrs Moss?

Ahmed
Yes, I will ask her. She’ll know, won’t she? <o:p></o:p>

Milena I
expect she’ll know.

Ahmed
I really must pass the exam. <o:p></o:p>

Milena Will you
need English in your job?

Milena I’ll need
it, too. But don’t worry, Ahmed. Your English is fine. You’re going to pass.

Milena I wish I
could be so sure. I’m certainly not looking forward to it.

Ahmed
And I’m not looking forward to it. I’ll be glad when it’s over, in fact.

Milena I’ll be
glad, too.

<a name="_Toc170289301">Activity A</a>

When you have improved the conversation, act it out with a
partner.     '

<a name="_Toc170289302">Activity B</a>

Talk to your partner about the English exam you will both
take or about whether you will need to use English in your job or as a visitor
to an English-speaking country.

Replacing words and leaving out words

Milena and Ahmed are students. They’re going to take an English exam soon. Their English is correct, but they could improve it by replac...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive: simple present tense

These pictures show what happens when you post a letter.
Write a sentence for each picture using the passive voice.

<a name="_Toc170289304">Example</a>

A letter is posted. '
.<o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289305">Activity</a>

Describe in a few sentences the process that leads to a tin
of Australian peach slices being on the shelf of a British supermarket. <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8cvO-fsC3tGCf4Zw0dGrtp7XkB7_Ou0dDyCQD0re5yLc8UvVr6eNH4dBpuVIuS3xdkpggsclE5aGYyLBbPxFw69hVSQJdnvI1iJh3Yo_poLSitSKAAzbjLC8fE7fMslTVRyLcN6udom7MsPxbfHmy4ZWXxwjbvvYN3xaBr-qegVYehA_0Q5Dg8u_LO4/s656/image060.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="656" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ8cvO-fsC3tGCf4Zw0dGrtp7XkB7_Ou0dDyCQD0re5yLc8UvVr6eNH4dBpuVIuS3xdkpggsclE5aGYyLBbPxFw69hVSQJdnvI1iJh3Yo_poLSitSKAAzbjLC8fE7fMslTVRyLcN6udom7MsPxbfHmy4ZWXxwjbvvYN3xaBr-qegVYehA_0Q5Dg8u_LO4/w640-h230/image060.png" width="640" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxmuZDjCzpv3uNtKWPCNnK-zkTXZFZF7-SP3IVL0V8UZXzeXA2Au-dUfg4JxoLulDcb9G1bqxMv-_dZ-9Y9BAWzJZAp1FtS_Re5nArkj9EnvoVSknkgLSbkM0fmzNGdvqiiudQ2ZTZOZumUa_xO9Mk7n0C1sUD0p74yhHliMjbVo6KVX7nPkWhVeMxCR0/s658/image061.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="658" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxmuZDjCzpv3uNtKWPCNnK-zkTXZFZF7-SP3IVL0V8UZXzeXA2Au-dUfg4JxoLulDcb9G1bqxMv-_dZ-9Y9BAWzJZAp1FtS_Re5nArkj9EnvoVSknkgLSbkM0fmzNGdvqiiudQ2ZTZOZumUa_xO9Mk7n0C1sUD0p74yhHliMjbVo6KVX7nPkWhVeMxCR0/w640-h230/image061.png" width="640" /></a></div>

The passive: simple present tense

These pictures show what happens when you post a letter. Write a sentence for each picture using the passive voice. Example A letter i...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive: simple past tense

Complete this short article about the ship 'Mary Rose’. Put
the verb into the correct simple past form. Some verbs are active, and some are
passive.

The warship Mary Rose (build) in the years 1509-10. In 1544
England (start) a war against France, and in 1545 French ships (send) across
the Channel towards England. Some English ships (go) out from Portsmouth to
meet them. One of these ships was the Mary Rose. It was carrying 91 guns and
700 men — twice as many as normal. It (sink) quickly to the botTom of the sea even before it (attack)
by the French. About 650 men (die). This terrible accident (see) by the king of
England himself.

The next month an attempt (make) to raise the Mary Rose, but
it (fail). The ship (forget) for hundreds of years.

In the 1970s new plans (make) to raise the ship. Thousands
of objects (bring) up from the ship by divers. Then, on 1st October 1982, the
Mary Rose (lift) out of the sea. Many people (see) the raising of the ship on
television. Finally the Mary Rose (take) into Portsmouth dock 437 years after
she had sunk.

<a name="_Toc170289307">Activity</a>

Use these notes to write a paragraph about a ship called the
‘Cutty Sark’.

famous sailing ship - built in the 1860s - brought tea from
China - later wool from Australia - owned by many different people - finally
brought into dry dock in LonDon in
1954 - made into a museum<o:p></o:p>

The passive: simple past tense

Complete this short article about the ship 'Mary Rose’. Put the verb into the correct simple past form. Some verbs are active, and som...

+ Đọc thêm »

by + agent.

Answer the quiz questions using the passive and by + agent.

<a name="_Toc170289309">Example</a>

Who invented radio?

Bell, Edison or Marconi?

It was invented by
Marconi.

1   Who won the World
Cup at football in 1982? Brazil, Italy or West Germany?

2   Who wrote stories
about a French detective called Maigret?

Agatha Christie, Ellery Queen or Georges Simenon?

3   Who killed Martin Luther King?

John Wilkes Booth, Lee Harvey Oswald or James Earl Ray?

4   Who invented
television?

John Logie Baird, Alexander Graham Bell or Thomas Edison?

5   Who built the
pyramids?

The Egyptians, the Greeks or the Romans?

6   Who directed the
film Gandhi?

Attenborough, Fassbinder or Hitchcock?

7   Who spoke the words
‘To be or not to be?’ Alexander, Hamlet or Julius Caesar?

8   Who played James
Bond in the first Bond film? Sean Connery, George Lazenby or Roger Moore?

<a name="_Toc170289310">Activity</a>

Discuss possible answers to these questions.

□   How are road
accidents caused?

□   Who buys expensive
pictures?

□   How do department
stores and industrial companies lose a lot of goods that are never paid for?

by + agent.

Answer the quiz questions using the passive and by + agent. Example Who invented radio? Bell, Edison or Marconi? It was invented b...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive: present perfect tense

Write the newspaper headlines as sentences using the present
perfect. Some sentences are active and some are passive.

<a name="_Toc170289312">Examples</a>

COST OF LIVING GOES UP

The cost of living has
gone up.

GOODS DAMAGED IN FIRE

Some goods have been
damaged in a fire.

1   MAN KILLED IN
MOTORWAY ACCIDENT

2   OLYMPIC GAMES BEGIN

3   CHILDREN INJURED IN
GAS EXPLOSION

4   PICTURE STOLEN FROM
MUSEUM

5   CHARLES AND DIANA
ARRIVE IN INDIA

6   SECRET PAPERS LOST

7   FAMOUS HOUSE SOLD
TO AMERICAN

8   RAY JENKS WINS
IMPORTANT RACE

9   DEAD BODY FOUND IN
PARK

10 50 ‘STYLE’ SHOPS
BOUGHT BY WILSON-

MCARTHUR GROUP

<a name="_Toc170289313">Activity</a>

Think of some items of news, or find them in a newspaper.
Write five or six sentences about things that have happened recently. Use
present perfect active and passive sentences.

The passive: present perfect tense

Write the newspaper headlines as sentences using the present perfect. Some sentences are active and some are passive. Examples COST OF...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive: present continuous tense

A dead body has been found,- and the police havé arrived on
the scené. Say what is happening. Use the passive form of the present
continuous.

<a name="_Toc170289315">Example</a>

The body is being
examined<o:p></o:p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF6_Hl6YUCL3AzwvSOF6NgkfVwBLG349xY6LFQ8pKtGZTxl_6byArOvZK7VpHisJvcGNDV6p_8MvQtV8eW1YGxPalcFVALAihmVlA8CvOu5cxE5h4QtHWWMueCuVNiv2n3zFepZHImvV4kPv8M8brofXJ2pLgL_oxgaNqe5Hk_tjB70PWkg-MLSXXhB0o/s455/image062.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="313" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF6_Hl6YUCL3AzwvSOF6NgkfVwBLG349xY6LFQ8pKtGZTxl_6byArOvZK7VpHisJvcGNDV6p_8MvQtV8eW1YGxPalcFVALAihmVlA8CvOu5cxE5h4QtHWWMueCuVNiv2n3zFepZHImvV4kPv8M8brofXJ2pLgL_oxgaNqe5Hk_tjB70PWkg-MLSXXhB0o/w440-h640/image062.png" width="440" /></a></div>

<a name="_Toc170289316">Activity</a>

Talk about
these photos and say what is happening<o:p></o:p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpv48sk6jR0d18kmCjMEQeUKEbqzSGw-lB3PPoB_J08xIUVv0F3l2wcdOUPvvqSLvKALzEpR-BrZBH-9o_x0lHTisfw8u1Te65hnF8LkCOAOEe-vc6eCgud0-RG5W7zZ4tynBn3cXN0_T96n_6O5l1cY-OiEfHsBrq7pE8x432dPS3eWZW2xojUtQ6X-I/s318/image063.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="279" data-original-width="318" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpv48sk6jR0d18kmCjMEQeUKEbqzSGw-lB3PPoB_J08xIUVv0F3l2wcdOUPvvqSLvKALzEpR-BrZBH-9o_x0lHTisfw8u1Te65hnF8LkCOAOEe-vc6eCgud0-RG5W7zZ4tynBn3cXN0_T96n_6O5l1cY-OiEfHsBrq7pE8x432dPS3eWZW2xojUtQ6X-I/s1600/image063.png" width="318" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyw2Azsjw4OsHgTLDpsqfTVzr9xL6e6ZwdSYZXX_pdz4q0KHzZHB9nTdG6aMwcoJgVDefutrZBjjaLT8aI6-BFaQtGfVT5GaMJj0h_J_Uocsx-45cOM6u0d6h0FVJqy2CD2udXYx8Fa6_tRq-P3Ka1b3-TrRl9pD9MuaXcDchqORtkfvx8ydbm6PU5dU0/s320/image064.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="320" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyw2Azsjw4OsHgTLDpsqfTVzr9xL6e6ZwdSYZXX_pdz4q0KHzZHB9nTdG6aMwcoJgVDefutrZBjjaLT8aI6-BFaQtGfVT5GaMJj0h_J_Uocsx-45cOM6u0d6h0FVJqy2CD2udXYx8Fa6_tRq-P3Ka1b3-TrRl9pD9MuaXcDchqORtkfvx8ydbm6PU5dU0/s1600/image064.png" width="320" /></a></div>

The passive: present continuous tense

A dead body has been found,- and the police havé arrived on the scené. Say what is happening. Use the passive form of the present continuo...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive: will and other modal verbs

Electrobrit is a company that makes washing machines. At the
moment it isn’t selling enough machines. The Directors are having a meeting to
discuss the problem. Write down their words as they might be reported in a
written summary of the meeting. Use the passive.

Example

‘We all know we can expect a difficult time, of course.’ A difficult time can be expected.

1   ‘We have to reduce
costs, you know.’

2   ‘Of course we must
keep the factory open.’

3   ‘We all agree then
that we must take action.'

4   ‘We should warn the
staff, of course.’

5   ‘We ought to make
things clear to them.’

6   ‘Everyone agrees
then that the company will employ no more new staff.’

7   ‘We all know we
can’t allow the situation to continue.’

8   ‘We’ll hold the
next meeting on May 8th, then.’

Activity

Discuss with other members of your class what you think
should be done about the problem of heavy traffic in towns. The following
points can be included in your discussion.

□   road-building

□   public transport

□   air pollution

□   the future of oil
as a fuel

The passive: will and other modal verbs

Electrobrit is a company that makes washing machines. At the moment it isn’t selling enough machines. The Directors are having a meeting t...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive

Below is a short article about computers. Put the verbs in
brackets into the passive voice. Choose the correct tense, or use the modal
verb if one is given.

<a name="_Toc170289319">Examples</a>

These machines (control) by computers nowadays. <o:p></o:p>

These machines are
controlled by computers nowadays.

Programmes (can/record) on cassette. <o:p></o:p>

Programmes can be
recorded on cassette.

Computers then and
now<o:p></o:p>

The world’s first electronic computer (build) at the
University of Pennsylvania in 1946, although computer-like machines (build) in
the 19th century. Computers (sell) commercially for the first time in the
1950s, and a lot of progress (make) since then. Computers are now much smaller
and more powerful, and they (can/buy) much more cheaply.

Computers (use) in many fields — in business, science,
medicine and education, for example. They (can/use) to forecast the weather or
to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the place where
information (keep) and calculations (do).

A computer cannot think for itself — it (must/tell) exactly
what to do. A lot of difficult calculations (can/ do) very quickly on a
computer.

And computers don’t make mistakes. Stories (hear) sometimes
about computers paying people too much money or sending them bills for things
they didn’t buy. These mistakes (make) by the programmers — the people who give
the computer its instructions. Some years ago, a computer-controlled rocket
belonging to the USA went out of control and (have to/destroy).

The accident (cause) by a small mistake in one line of the
programme. This mistake cost the USA $18 million.

Criminals have found out that ‘computer crimes’ are often a
lot easier than robbing banks. Hundreds of millions of dollars (steal) from
American businesses every year by people changing the information in computers.

Large numbers of home computers (sell) recently, especially
in the USA and Britain. People know more about computers than they used to, and
computers are playing a bigger part in our lives. Progress (make) all the time.
Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs
like cleaning (do) by computer-controlled robots.

<a name="_Toc170289320">Activity</a>

Write a short paragraph about any one of these things. Use
the passive in some of your sentences.

□   the pocket
calculator

□   the video recorder

□   the aeroplane

The passive

Below is a short article about computers. Put the verbs in brackets into the passive voice. Choose the correct tense, or use the modal verb...

+ Đọc thêm »

The passive: direct and indirect objects

The sentences below are from an article about the money paid
to famous sports people. Rewrite each sentence beginning with the phrase in
bold type.

<a name="_Toc170289322">Examples</a>

They paid the racing driver Bobby Kraft £200,000 when he won
the Grand Prix.

£200,000 was paid to
the racing driver Bobby Kraft when he won the Grand Prix.

Their club have promised the AC Milan team a new house each
if they win the European Cup.

The AC Milan team have
been promised a new house each if they win the European Cup.

1   They gave the
tennis player Kathy Duprey £50,000 for winning a competition.

2   A company has paid
the skier Anne stolberg £40,000 to advertise ski trousers.

3   A TV company gave
the ice hockey team Phoenix Flyers $20,000 each to play in front of the
cameras.

4   His club pays
footballer Wayne Simmonds £250 for every goal he scores.

5   A company offered
the cyclist Luigi Delgado £25,000 to advertise a soft drink.

6   Henry Lane will pay the boxer Howard
Duke $3 million for his next fight.

7   They've promised
the London Wonders basketball team a
holiday In the West Indies if they win the league.

<a name="_Toc170289323">Activity</a>

Talk about jobs and money. Which people are paid a lot of
money? Which are paid very little? Which people are given extra things in
addition to their pay?

The passive: direct and indirect objects

The sentences below are from an article about the money paid to famous sports people. Rewrite each sentence beginning with the phrase in b...

+ Đọc thêm »

have something done; emphatic pronouns

Mark and Jane are going to buy a house. It’s quite
cheap, but it isn’t in very good condition, so they’ve had a report made on it.
In the report there’s a list of what they’ll have to do to the house. They’ve
ticked the things they can do themselves. Say which jobs they can do and which
they'll need to have done by someone else.

<a name="_Toc170289325">Examples</a>

They can clear the
gutters themselves. <o:p></o:p>

They’ll need-to have
the roof repaired.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqG1L7HOjmkZvRu0A8DBh2jZWO-HAYJucAegFak2K65IYv5b-4_618ih1pHYub5Rbu3YbVtxc8VWCPYMejXCEntMQolOj1NR5-cyxtgV9fGEsM8ME5I7XBzfKE83lu37bBUcCHF5s5J80CquqHScnzHJNkGYkVx7zhMxrDe6z9gtH8mQf41nx-hGbzs80/s254/image065.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="254" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqG1L7HOjmkZvRu0A8DBh2jZWO-HAYJucAegFak2K65IYv5b-4_618ih1pHYub5Rbu3YbVtxc8VWCPYMejXCEntMQolOj1NR5-cyxtgV9fGEsM8ME5I7XBzfKE83lu37bBUcCHF5s5J80CquqHScnzHJNkGYkVx7zhMxrDe6z9gtH8mQf41nx-hGbzs80/w400-h284/image065.png" width="400" /></a></div>

Summary of work needed<o:p></o:p>

Clear the gutters. Repair the roof.

Re-build the garage wall. , Replace the broken glafss. w'

Lay a new floor in the dining-room. Repair the bedroom
ceiling.

Put in a new kitchen window. .

Paint-the outside of the house, ự'Decorate all the rooms,

Check the electrical wiring.

<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
 <v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
 <v:formulas>
 <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
 <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
 <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1">
 <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2">
 <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth">
 <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight">
 <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1">
 <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2">
 <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth">
 <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0">
 <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight">
 <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0">
 </v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
 <v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f">
 <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit">
</o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_190" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 135pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 190.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
 <v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\THAITH~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289326">Activity A</a>

Say which of the jobs in the list you would do yourself and
which you would have done by someone.

<a name="_Toc170289327">Activity B</a>

Say what you can have done at these places.<o:p></o:p>

□   a photographer’s
studio

□   a dry cleaner’s

□   a dentist's <o:p></o:p>

□   a photographer's studio<o:p></o:p>

have something done; emphatic pronouns

Mark and Jane are going to buy a house. It’s quite cheap, but it isn’t in very good condition, so they’ve had a report made on it. In th...

+ Đọc thêm »

if-clause type 1

Charlotte
works for an advertising company. She’s made some notes about different
products. Write sentences with if +
the simple present + will to
advertise the products.<o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289335">Examples</a>

wash your
hair with Glam - it looks super<o:p></o:p>

If you wash your hair with Glam, it ’ll look
super.,

feel better
- take Panadex<o:p></o:p>

You’ll feel better if you take Panadex.

1   choose a Sunspot holiday - have a great time<o:p></o:p>

2   sleep a lot better - sleep in a Dreamway bed<o:p></o:p>

3   people notice you - wear Rodeo jeans<o:p></o:p>

4   shop at Kwikbuy - save money<o:p></o:p>

5   use Luxidor paint - your house looks
beautiful<o:p></o:p>

6   know what’s happening - read the Daily Talk<o:p></o:p>

7   wash with Whizz - your clothes cleaner<o:p></o:p>

8   drive a Delta - not want to drive any other
car<o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289336">Activity</a>

Write a few sentences advertising some other products. Use
if-clauses. You can choose real products.

if-clause type 1

Charlotte works for an advertising company. She’s made some notes about different products. Write sentences with if + the simple present ...

+ Đọc thêm »

if-clause type 2

Amanda is a
secretary. She’s grumbling about her new job and her boss. Match each sentence
in the first box with one in the second. Rewrite the sentences using if + the simple past tense + would/could.<o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289338">Examples</a>

If my boss didn’t play golf, he wouldn't be out
of the office so much.<o:p></o:p>

If he told me where he was, I could contact him.

My boss
plays golf.<o:p></o:p>

He doesn’t
tell me where he is.<o:p></o:p>

2   He gives me so much work.<o:p></o:p>

3   His writing is so awful.<o:p></o:p>

4   He doesn’t listen to me.<o:p></o:p>

5   The offices are such a long way from here.<o:p></o:p>

6   There aren’t any cafés nearby.

I can’t afford a nicer flat.

I can’t contact him.<o:p></o:p>

I can’t read it.

I have to tell him everything twice.

I have to stay late.

I have to take sandwiches.

I spend so much time on the bus. He’s out of the office so
much.

<a name="_Toc170289339">Activity</a>

What kind of things do parents say to their children when
they aren’t doing very well with their school work and are getting low marks?
Think of three or four sentences with if and the simple past tense.

if-clause type 2

Amanda is a secretary. She’s grumbling about her new job and her boss. Match each sentence in the first box with one in the second. Rewrit...

+ Đọc thêm »

if-clauses types 1 and 2

Hilary Lester
works for an organization called Food for the Third World. She's talking on
television about the situation in Omagua. Put the verbs in brackets into the
correct tense, or use will or would or their short forms.

Hilary Well, it's
very bad. Thousands of people have died, and thousands more (die) soon if they
(not get) help. The people have very little food or water. And if we (not do)
something soon, things (get) much worse. There will simply be nothing left to
eat.

Interviewer
Is the British government doing anything to help? If they (send) food, that
(help) to save lives, wouldn’t it? After all, Omagua was once a British colony.

Hilary Yes,
indeed. And the country is very poor, of course. But our government refuses to
do anything quickly. They say they need time to find out about the problem. But
we haven't got any time. It (be) too late if they (not do) something soon.

Interviewer
Well, it doesn’t look as if Omagua is going to get any help for the moment.
So what next? What (happen) if the country (not get) enough food or enough
money to buy food?

Hilary Well, if
our government (not be) willing to help, we (have to) ask people to send US
money. In fact, we’re asking them now.

Hilary We’re
asking them just to send what they can. Even small amounts will be welcome. We
(be) very grateful if people (send) what they can afford. After all, if
everyone in the country (give) just 10p, we (have) a lot of money, wouldn’t we?
I’m sure if people (know) exactly what things were like in Omagua, they (want)
to help.

Hilary Oh, yes.
If people (hear) about the problem, as they’re doing now, then they (help), I’m
sure. They always have done before.

Interviewer
Is there still time to get food and money to the people who need it, Miss
Lester?

Hilary Oh, yes.
We’ll put the money to good use immediately. If people (post) money to US
tomorrow, the food (be) in Omagua by the end of the week. <o:p></o:p>

Interviewer
Well, it’s certainly a good thing that you’re able to help the Omaguans. If
your organization (not exist), things (be) much less hopeful. Now, can you tell
US the address where people should send money?...

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc170289341">Activity</a></h2>

Graham and
Miranda are on holiday in East Africa. They’re in a safari park, and their car
has run out of petrol. They're three miles from the nearest filling station,
which is just outside the park. They’ve got a petrol can. There are no other
cars in sight. It is very hot, and they have no water. There are lions in the
safari park, although they can’t see any at the moment.

Discuss possible answers to their problem using if-cibuses

if-clauses types 1 and 2

Hilary Lester works for an organization called Food for the Third World. She's talking on television about the situation in Omagua. P...

+ Đọc thêm »

if-clause type 3

Below is the story of what happened when four people went on
a long walk last week. Read the story and rewrite the underlined parts using
if-clauses type 3.

<a name="_Toc170289343">Examples</a>

If it hadn’t rained
most of the morning, it would have been a pleasant walk.

They wouldn’t have
decided to go if the forecast had been bad.

Last Saturday Trevor, Alison, Gary and Emma went on a
twenty-mile walk over the Norland Hills. Trevor likes walking, and it was his
idea. They walked from Oscroft at the eastern end of the hills to Raveley in
the west. The day didn’t go at all as planned. It rained most of the
morning, so it wasn’t a very pleasant walk. The weather is often wet in the
Norland Hills, in fact. But they decided to go because the forecast wasn’t
bad. Trevor and Alison wore their anoraks, but Gary and Emma got wet
because they didn’t have their anoraks. The four friends had other problems
too. They forgot to bring a map, and they lost the way. They wanted to
stop for lunch in the village of Rydale. They finally got there at two o'clock.
They were late because they didn’t go the right way. They had planned to
eat at the café in Rydale, but they weren’t able to eat there because the
cafe was closed for the day. It was very annoying. They didn’t have any
food with them, so they were hungry. But the weather was better by this
time, and they decided to go on to Raveley. Five miles further on Alison had an
accident. She fell and hurt her leg. So they had to go more slowly after
that. They lost even more time. They missed their bus home because they got
to Raveley so late. There wasn’t any other transport, so they rang their
friend Adam. Luckily he was at home, so he was able to come and fetch them
in his car. They were glad to get home.

<a name="_Toc170289344">Activity</a>

Here is part of a newspaper report about a motorway
accident. Read it and then write three or four sentences about the accident
using if-clauses type 3. You can use your own words as well as the words in the
report.

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc170289345">30 DIE IN</a> COACH DISASTER</h2>

There was a terrible accident on the motorway near Gondolfo
last night when a coach overturned and caught fire. Thirty people died, all of
them British. There were only four sur¬vivors, who managed to get out through a
broken window. Luckily the motor¬way was quiet and no other vehicle was
involved in the crash. The coach, owned by Gladway Tours of London, was on its
way to Athens. According to the survivors, the driver had been at the wheel of
the coach for fourteen hours and had probably fallen asleep. The coach left London two hours late, and the driver was

if-clause type 3

Below is the story of what happened when four people went on a long walk last week. Read the story and rewrite the underlined parts using ...

+ Đọc thêm »

if-clauses types 1 -3

David, Lynn, Angela and
Martin live in a town on a busy main
road. They're talking about a plan to build a by-pass round the town.

Complete the conversation by putting the verbs in brackets
into the correct form. Use will or would if necessary.

David I think a
new road is a good idea. It (keep) the traffic out of the town if they build a
by-pass. The traffic in the High Street is terrible. If they’d had any sense,
they (build) a by-pass years ago.

Lynn
But what about the shopkeepers? If there was a by-pass, then people (not
stop) here. And there’ll be fewer customers in the shops if there (be) less
traffic in the town.   .

Angela I don’t
agree. I think more people (want) to shop here if it’s quieter and pleasanter.

David If the High
street (be) less busy, it would be a lot easier to cross the road.

David And the
traffic doesn’t do the buildings any good. Everything shakes when a heavy lorry
goes past. Do you remember those old houses in West Street? They had to knock
them down because of damage by lorries. If there (be) a new road ten years ago,
they (not have to) do that. And cyclists have been knocked off their bikes by
lorries. One man was killed. That (not happen) if the lorries hadn’t had to use
the High Street.

Martin
Don’t forget that if you (improve) the road system, then the traffic may
simply increase. Or you’ll just move the problem to another town.

Angela But look
at the situation now — dozens of lorries moving very slowly through the town.
It (save) a lot of time if they travelled more quickly along a by-pass.

Lynn The route
goes right through GorDon Bentley’s
farm. It (cut) his farm in two if they build it there. He only bought the farm
three years ago.

David Well, if
that (happen), they’d pay him for the land.

Lynn
He told me yesterday he (not buy) the farm in the first place if he (know).

Angela But a
by-pass is for the whole town. <o:p></o:p>

Lynn
Well, if I (be) Gordon, I (be) angry about it. <o:p></o:p>

David I’m angry
now about the traffic in the High Street. If they (not give) US a by-pass,
there’ll be trouble, I can tell you.

<a name="_Toc170289347">Activity</a>

Complete these sentences in your own words.

Discuss your answers with other members of the class.<o:p></o:p>

<o:p> </o:p>

If all goes well,...

If I had a million pounds,...

If there was only one day left before the end of the
world,...

If I had lived ... hundred years ago,...

if-clauses types 1 -3

David, Lynn, Angela and Martin live in a town on a busy main road. They're talking about a plan to build a by-pass round the town. ...

+ Đọc thêm »

if + the simple present tense + the simple present tense

There are some ‘laws of life’ hidden in this table. For each
sentence on the left, there is one on the right that follows on from it. Find
the pairs of sentences and write the laws. Use if and the simple present tense.

<a name="_Toc170289349">Example</a>

If something begins well, it often ends bad

<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;">
 <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
 <td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
 Something begins well. <o:p></o:p>
 You’ve got a job to do. <o:p></o:p>
 You’re in an accident. <o:p></o:p>
 You want to buy something.
 You’re absolutely sure about something.
 You type your own letters.
 You try to make a difficult situation better.<o:p></o:p>
 </td>
 <td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 260.5pt;" valign="top" width="347">
 They’re usually short. <o:p></o:p>
 You’re probably wrong. <o:p></o:p>
 You usually make it worse.
 It often ends badly.
 It always takes longer than you think.
 It’s the other person’s fault.
 They usually don’t make it any more. 
 </td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>

<a name="_Toc170289350">Activity A</a>

Discuss the ‘laws of life’ in the table above and say if you
think they are true.

<a name="_Toc170289351">Activity B</a>

Complete these simple ‘scientific laws’ and write two or
three more.

If you mix blue and yellow, you get....

If air gets warmer

... a piece of glass with a hammer

if + the simple present tense + the simple present tense

There are some ‘laws of life’ hidden in this table. For each sentence on the left, there is one on the right that follows on from it. Find...

+ Đọc thêm »

Reporting in the present tense

<a name="_Toc170289353">Examples</a>

Helen (18th
November)

It says she is having a difficult time, but there will be
some surprises for her.

Paul (6th July)

It says he will have money problems, so it isn't the time to
plan his holiday.

1   Bob (13th February)

2   Kate (14th September)

3   David (22nd April)

4   Janet (30th November) and Jerry (1 oth
December)

5   Sarah (3rd October)

6   Tom (12th April)

7   Diane (18th March)

8   Jane (29th May)

9   Mr Johnson (8th
January)

10 Sue (4th August) and Peter (20th
August)

<a name="_Toc170289354">Activity</a>

Find your horoscope in a newspaper or magazine and tell the
other people in your class what it says. If possible, find different horoscopes
and compare them.

<h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a name="_Toc170289355">What the stars say - your horoscope</a></h2>

Aries (21st March
- 20th April) You are worrying a lot, but your problems aren’t very great.

Taurus (21st
April - 21st May) You will meet someone interesting, and your life may change
suddenly.

Gemini (22nd May
- 21st June) Your boss or teacher will not be pleased with you, but it won’t be
your fault.

Cancer (22nd June
- 23rd July) YOU will have money problems, so it isn’t the time to plan your
holiday.

Leo (24th July -
23rd August) Everything is going well for you, but you must think before you
make any decisions. Virgo (24th August - 23rd September) You will have problems
at work and you should ask your friends for help. <o:p></o:p>

Libra (24th
September - 23rd October) Your life is getting more exciting, but you must
control your feelings. <o:p></o:p>

Scorpio (24th
October - 22nd November) You are having a difficult time, but there will be
some surprises for you.

Sagittarius (23rd
November - 21st December) You are feeling rather unhappy, but you will hear
some interesting news.

Capricorn (22nd
December - 20th January) You should spend more time with your friends because
you are working too hard. Aquarius (21st January - 19th February) You will have
lots of energy, and you may have to travel.

Pisces (20th
February - 20th March) Your life feels empty, but you will find romance. <o:p></o:p>

Reporting in the present tense

Find out what the horoscope opposite says about the people in the list below. Examples Helen (18th November) It says she is having a...

+ Đọc thêm »

Reporting in the past tense

Stanley
Arnold, the multi-millionaire businessman and head of Arnold Motors, has just
died. He wasn’t a very popular man. Below are some examples of what the press
said about him during his lifetime. Write down what they said.<o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289357">Example</a>

‘Arnold is
not a very nice person.’ - Today Magazine Today Magazine said that Arnold was
not a very nice person.

1   ‘Arnold Motors has never paid any tax.’ -
News Extra<o:p></o:p>

2   ‘Arnold spends the company’s money at a Las
Vegas casino.’ - Newsday Magazine<o:p></o:p>

3   ‘When he dies, he will probably leave more
than $500 million.’ - International News<o:p></o:p>

4   ‘Stanley Arnold never speaks to his
children.’ - Modern World<o:p></o:p>

5   ‘He is planning to leave his money to a dogs’
home.’ - The Daily Free Press<o:p></o:p>

6   ‘Arnold has friends in the Mafia.’ - World
Magazine<o:p></o:p>

7   ‘The police ought to ask Stanley Arnold some
questions.' - The Saturday Reporter<o:p></o:p>

8   ‘No one will be sorry when he’s gone’ - The
Daily Talk<o:p></o:p>

<a name="_Toc170289358">Activity</a>

Complete
the sentences by reporting what people might say in these situations.

After
winning a million pounds in a competition, Mrs Grout of Birmingham said ...<o:p></o:p>

A plane
crashed into the sea, and fifty people were killed. There was one survivor. He
told reporters afterwards that...<o:p></o:p>

On the day
he became Prime Minister, Mr Wright said...<o:p></o:p>

Reporting in the past tense

Stanley Arnold, the multi-millionaire businessman and head of Arnold Motors, has just died. He wasn’t a very popular man. Below are some e...

+ Đọc thêm »